Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet based application software of MS Office suit productivity software, developed and published by Microsoft Corporation in USA. The extension name of Excel file (for Office version 2007 onward) is .XLSX.
Introduction to Excel window and it's elements
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| MS Excel window with it's elements |
Workbook:
A workbook is an Excel file that contains one or more worksheets to help you organize data. You can create a new workbook from blank workbook or a template.
Worksheet:
Each and every page of a workbook is known as worksheet. By default, there are three worksheets present in a Workbook - Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3. We can increase the number of worksheets as requirement.
Title Bar:
Title Bar is the top most bar in Excel window. It displays the name of the current workbook and at the right side of the bar, Minimize, Maximize / Restore and Close buttons are placed.
Ribbon:
There are total 7 Ribbons present - Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, View. Each and every Ribbon has some predefined command groups , such as Home has Clipboard, Font, Alignment,Number, Styles, Cells, Editing total 7 command groups.
Row and Column:
Row lays in horizontally, while column lays in vertically. In Excel 2010, Row numbers ranges from 1 to 1048576 and Column number ranges from A to XFD, in total 16384 columns.
Cell:
The intersection of row and column is known as Cell. Each cell has Cell Address, like A1, A2, B4, etc. The first cell address is A1 and last cell address is XFD1048576.
Active cell:
An active cell refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet. It can be identified by a bold outline that surrounds the cell.
Status Bar:
Status Bar is the bottom most bar in Excel. It shows the current status of the worksheet. It also notifies us about Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, etc. ON or OFF state.
Name box:
Name box shows the address of Active cell. On which cell the mouse pointer will be clicked, the Name box will display that particular cell address.
Formula Bar:
The Formula Bar is where data or formulas we enter into a worksheet appear for the active cell. The Formula Bar can also be used to edit data or formula in the active cell.
Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bar:
Normally, the size of the worksheet is very big, which does not fit in monitor. So, to move on to invisible part of the worksheet, we use Scroll Bar. To move up and down, we use Vertical Scroll Bar, while to move right and left, we use Horizontal Scroll Bar.
Different types of Cell References
Relative reference:
By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2. Relative references are especially convenient whenever you need to repeat the same calculation across multiple rows or columns.
Absolute reference:
An absolute reference in Excel refers to a reference that is "locked" so that rows and columns won't change when copied. To create an absolute reference, add a dollar sign ($) before the row and column. For example, if we write formula, =$A$1 * 10, that means A1 cell is locked and after copying in the next cell, the cell reference will not change.
Mixed reference:
Mixed reference is the combination of Relative reference or Absolute reference. That means here, either row or column can be locked with $ sign as Absolute reference and other one will be unlocked as Relative reference. For example, =$A1 * 10, which means A column is locked but not row. So, after copying in the next cell, the formula will be =$A2 * 10, that means column remain same and row just changed.
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